mass_density

Calculate the mass density from a number density.

\[ρ = \left| \frac{Z_s}{Z_{particle}} \right| n_s m_{particle} = | Z_{ratio} | n_s m_{particle}\]

where \(m_{particle}\) is the particle mass, \(n_s\) is a number density for plasma species \(s\), \(Z_s\) is the charge number of species \(s\), and \(Z_{particle}\) is the charge number of particle. For example, if the electron density is given for \(n_s\) and particle is a doubly ionized atom, then \(Z_{ratio} = -1 / 2\).

Parameters:

density (Quantity) – Either a particle number density (in units of m^-3 or equivalent) or a mass density (in units of kg / m³ or equivalent). If density is a mass density, then it will be passed through and returned without modification.
particle (Particle) – The particle for which the mass density is being calculated. Must be a Particle or a value convertible to a Particle (e.g., 'p+' for protons, 'D+' for deuterium, or 'He-4 +1' for singly ionized helium-4).
z_ratio (int | float, default: 1) – The ratio of the charge numbers corresponding to the plasma species represented by density and the particle. For example, if the given density is an electron density and particle is doubly ionized He, then z_ratio = -0.5.

Raises:

UnitTypeError – If the density does not have units equivalent to a number density or mass density.
TypeError – If density is not of type Quantity, or convertible.
TypeError – If particle is not of type or convertible to Particle.
TypeError – If z_ratio is not of type int or float.
ValueError – If density is negative.

Returns:

The mass density for the plasma species represented by particle.

Return type:

Quantity

Examples

>>> import astropy.units as u
>>> mass_density(1 * u.m**-3, "p+")
<Quantity 1.67262...e-27 kg / m3>
>>> mass_density(4 * u.m**-3, "D+")
<Quantity 1.33743...e-26 kg / m3>
>>> mass_density(2.0e12 * u.cm**-3, "He")
<Quantity 1.32929...e-08 kg / m3>
>>> mass_density(2.0e12 * u.cm**-3, "He", z_ratio=0.5)
<Quantity 6.64647...e-09 kg / m3>
>>> mass_density(1.0 * u.g * u.m**-3, "")
<Quantity 0.001 kg / m3>