collision_frequency

plasmapy.formulary.collisions.frequencies.collision_frequency(T: ~typing.Annotated[~astropy.units.quantity.Quantity, Unit("K")], n: ~typing.Annotated[~astropy.units.quantity.Quantity, Unit("1 / m3")], species, z_mean: float = nan, V: ~typing.Annotated[~astropy.units.quantity.Quantity, Unit("m / s")] = <Quantity nan m / s>, method: str = 'classical') → Annotated[Quantity, Unit('Hz')][source]

Collision frequency of particles in a plasma.

Deprecated since version The: collision_frequency function has been replaced by the more general SingleParticleCollisionFrequencies class. To replicate the functionality of collision_frequency, create a SingleParticleCollisionFrequencies class and access the Lorentz_collision_frequency attribute.

Parameters:

T (Quantity) – Temperature in units of temperature. This should be the electron temperature for electron-electron and electron-ion collisions, and the ion temperature for ion-ion collisions.
n (Quantity) – The density in units convertible to per cubic meter. This should be the electron density for electron-electron collisions, and the ion density for electron-ion and ion-ion collisions.
species (tuple) – A tuple containing string representations of the test particle (listed first) and the target particle (listed second).
z_mean (Quantity, optional) – The average ionization (arithmetic mean) of a plasma for which a macroscopic description is valid. This parameter is used to compute the average ion density (given the average ionization and electron density) for calculating the ion sphere radius for non-classical impact parameters. z_mean is a required parameter if method is "ls_full_interp", "hls_max_interp", or "hls_full_interp".
V (Quantity, optional) – The relative velocity between particles. If not provided, thermal velocity is assumed: \(μ V^2 \sim 2 k_B T\) where \(μ\) is the reduced mass.
method (str, optional) – The method by which to compute the Coulomb logarithm. The default method is the classical straight-line Landau-Spitzer method ("classical" or "ls"). The other 6 supported methods are "ls_min_interp", "ls_full_interp", "ls_clamp_mininterp", "hls_min_interp", "hls_max_interp", and "hls_full_interp". Please refer to the docstring of Coulomb_logarithm for more information about these methods.

Returns:

freq – The collision frequency of particles in a plasma.

Return type:

float or numpy.ndarray

Raises:

ValueError – If the mass or charge of either particle cannot be found, or any of the inputs contain incorrect values.
UnitConversionError – If the units on any of the inputs are incorrect.
TypeError – If any of n_e, T, or V is not a Quantity.
RelativityError – If the input velocity is same or greater than the speed of light.

Warns:

UnitsWarning – If units are not provided, SI units are assumed
RelativityWarning – If the input velocity is greater than 5% of the speed of light.

Notes

The collision frequency (see Ch. 5 of Chen [2016]) is given by

\[ν = n σ v \ln{Λ}\]

where \(n\) is the particle density, \(σ\) is the collisional cross-section, \(v\) is the inter-particle velocity (typically taken as the thermal velocity), and \(\ln{Λ}\) is the Coulomb logarithm accounting for small angle collisions.

See Equation (2.14) in Callen [n.d.].

Examples

>>> import astropy.units as u
>>> n = 1e19 * u.m**-3
>>> T = 1e6 * u.K
>>> species = ("e", "p")
>>> collision_frequency(T, n, species)
<Quantity 70249... Hz>